The Bluest Eye Racism Analysis - 1336 Words

In The Bluest Eye, Toni Morrison depicts racism all throughout the novel. Discrimination is very heavy in the 1940s, and the protagonist Pecola Breedlove experiences that. Pecola is a lower-class black girl who is constantly picked on for not only her looks, but her uncontrollable family situation. Maureen Peal is a new girl that arrives at Pecola’s school, and she is an upper-class, wealthy black girl. When Maureen goes out for ice cream with Pecola, Frieda, and Claudia, the girls talk about menstruation, and Maureen accuses Pecola if she has ever seen her father naked. Pecola denies the accusation, and conflict arises between the girls. Maureen shouts, â€Å"‘I am cute! And you are ugly! Black and ugly black e mos. I am cute!’† (Morrison 73).†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"‘I can’t go to school no more. And I thought maybe you could help me.’ ‘Help you how? Tell me. Don’t be frightened.’ ‘My eyes.â€℠¢ ‘What about your eyes?’ ‘I want them blue.’ †¦ Here was an ugly little girl asking for beauty† (174). Conversation is exchanged between Soaphead Church and Pecola about the longing of blue eyes. Soaphead Church gets angry because he can not help Pecola. The blue eyes symbolize beauty, and Pecola associates that with being loved and accepted. She believes that if she possesses blue eyes, people will disregard she is black, and the cruelty in her life will be replaced with respect and affection. This hopeless desire ultimately leads Pecola to complete madness.To summarize, beauty is a crucial piece of the racism that is displayed in the novel, and affects many different characters. Secondly, sexism is very apparent through the female characters throughout the novel. In the time period of the novel, women are in the minority, and their jobs consist of doing housework, either for a white family or their own family. Pauline’s life is describe d as staying at home and taking care of the house. Pauline’s mother gets a job taking care of a white family. Pauling is now the oldest girl at home, and this defaults her to being the housekeeper. Morrison writes, â€Å"†¦ Pauline, now the oldest girl at home, took over the care for the house. She kept the fence in repair, pulling the pointed stakes erect, securing them with bits of wire, collected eggs,Show MoreRelatedConfronting Social Identities in Society Essay1580 Words   |  7 Pagesexists in the world today, which includes but do not limited to self identity and racism. However, they somehow go unnoticed because at times people conform to what society thinks is the way to live. In my opinion, people believe they should act or feel a certain way because of what is broadcast on television, featured in magazines, and even brought into the limelight by celebrities. While Toni Morrison’s â€Å"The Bluest Eye† (1970) and Alice Walker’s â€Å"Ev eryday Use† (1973) both target ongoing social problemsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Bluest Eye1555 Words   |  7 Pages The Bluest Eeye Bbackground A woman’s race and the time period she lives in influences not only whether she will be a victim of sexual assault but also, the punishment of the offender. Toni Morrison, The author of The Bluest Eye, a victim of segregation, deals with sexual assault and segregation in her book. Chole Anthony Wofford, who goes by the name of Toni Morrison when writing her books, was born in Lorain, Ohio on February 18, 1931. Her father had several jobs to supportRead MoreSelf-Hatred and the Aesthetics of Beauty in The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison1287 Words   |  6 PagesBeauty in The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison Topic: Discuss the issues of self-hatred and the aesthetics of beauty in The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison. What role do they play in the novel and how do they relate to its theme? Self-hatred leads to self-destruction†¦ Self-hatred is something that can thoroughly destroy an individual. As it was fictitiously evidenced in Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye, it can lead an individual to insanity. Toni Morrison raises the idea that racism and class canRead MoreThe Development Of Girls1172 Words   |  5 Pagescooking, and raising children. This inequality between men and women and the roles girls feel required to play impact their individuality. This essay will explore how the factors of racism, sexism and classism intertwine and contour girls’ characteristics using an analysis of The House on Mango Street, The Bluest Eye and Bastard out of Carolina. I argue that society’s idea of perfection and the pressures to fit into stereotypes negatively impacts young girls’ identities because of the notions thatRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison2396 Words   |  10 PagesDevin West AP English 11 Mrs. Mariner â€Å"The Bluest Eye† Unlike so many works in the American literature that deal directly with the legacy of slavery and the years of deeply-embedded racism that followed, the general storyline of Toni Morrison’s novel, â€Å"The Bluest Eye†, does not engage directly with such events but rather explores the lingering effects by exploring and commenting on black self-hatred. Nearly all of the main characters in †The Bluest Eye†, by Toni Morrison who are African AmericanRead MoreThe Bluest Eye Essay1462 Words   |  6 PagesToni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye (1970) takes place in Ohio towards the tail end of the depression. The story focuses on the character of Pecola Breedlove who wants to have blue eyes. Pecola becomes convinced that if she had blue eyes her life would be different. Through the eyes of our narrator, Claudia, and her sister Frieda we see the pervasive racism and abuse Pecola is subjected to. Claudia and Frieda act as witnesses to Pecola’s disintegration and as a result, they will spend the rest of theirRead MoreThe Bluest Eye And Marxism : Race Creates Vulnerability1554 Words   |  7 PagesThe Bluest Eye and Marxism: Race Creates Vulnerability Famous African American social reformer Frederick Douglass once said, â€Å"Where justice is denied, where poverty is enforced, where ignorance prevails, and where any one class is made to feel that society is an organized conspiracy to oppress, rob, and degrade them, neither persons nor property will be safe.† In other words, Douglass believed that a society that takes advantage of and devalues people of a certain class, including—considering DouglassRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison2146 Words   |  9 PagesInstead of making the plot of â€Å"The Bluest Eye†, center around events of overt racism or such African American issues in order to address the looming specter of slavery and race, the focus of the book and this analysis of The Bluest Eye, Toni Morrison presents readers with a more complicated and ultimately deeper portrayal of the effects of racism via an emphasis on the way self-hatred plagues the black characters. In the narrator’s descr iption of how the Breedlove family was ugly, it is stated inRead MoreAnalysis Of `` No One `` By Zora Neale Hurston And Toni Morrison881 Words   |  4 Pagesimportant when choosing a method to interpret and analyse their art. Tackling the works of black female writers such as Alice Walker, Zora Neale Hurston, and Toni Morrison; and their respective magna opera, The Color Purple, Their Eyes Were Watching God, and The Bluest Eye, it is impossible to forget how their identities informed these narratives, especially when discussing a method for criticism. It is unsurprising that these works share many features, based on a strict ethos that places the narrativesRead MoreA Glance At Modern Society1147 Words   |  5 PagesLucey, Agnello, and Hawkins 2). Homophobia can be described as an antipathy towards homosexual individuals. Those individuals are subjected to prejudice, stereotypes, and discrimination in their social and political lives. From the foreword of The Bluest Eye by Toni Moorison, Moorison states â€Å"There can’t be anyone, I am sure, who doesn’t know what it feels like to be disliked, even rejected, momentarily or for sustained periods of time†¦ It may even be that some of us know what it is like to be actually

Enron Scandal Reaction - 1483 Words

Jean F. Baylon BSBA4 – Marketing Management Corp.Gov. – Assignment The documentary film, Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room It is a story about the greed in corporate America that is always exposed after the fact. The film examines the 2001 collapse of Enron. At the time of the collapse, Enron was the largest bankruptcy in history. The Enron story is one of money and politics, which are two areas that embody the culture of big business in America. The film does a great job of illustrating the laissez-faire culture that allowed Enron to rise to prominence while simultaneously exposing the rabid fraud behind the faà §ade of success. Along with the rise and fall of the Enron stock price, one of the consistent themes of the film is the†¦show more content†¦He was the first of the main corporate executives to be arrested. Fasto’s story is wrought with conflicts of interest and fraud. Of all the executives tied to the Enron scandal Fasto appears to have shown the least amount of resistance during the government investigation. Although the documentary does not spend a great deal of time on Lou P ai, history is not unique in corporate America. Pai’s role in the company as the head of Enron Energy Services gave him the title of the invisible CEO. The film focuses on some of Pai’s personal life, in that he enjoyed strippers and spending vast amounts of money at strip clubs. What is most interesting about Pai is that he resigned from his position with$250 million in personal earnings and he did so well before Enron collapse. The shame in his story is that those shareholders that lost out can never recoup the money he earned. At the time of his departure there was no way to truly investigate his motivations and thus, of all the executives he has been mostly unharmed by the collapse. The most disturbing part of the film is the California electricity crisis. Enron’s role in the crisis is distinguishing but it also shows just how out of touch the Enron executives and employees were with reality. A major part of the crises was Enron’s push for deregulatio n, which eventually allowed Enron to control the California energy market. AShow MoreRelatedEnron And The Enron Scandal847 Words   |  4 PagesThe Enron scandal, discovered in October 2001, eventually led to the bankruptcy of the Enron Corporation, an American energy company based mostly in Houston, Texas, and also the dissolution of Arthur Andersen, that was one amongst the 5 largest audit and accounting partnerships within the world. Additionally, to being the most important bankruptcy reorganization in American history at that point, Enron without doubt is the biggest audit failure. it s ever the foremost notable company within theRead MoreHow Ethics Influence Behavior in Organizations1010 Words   |  5 Pagesneed to make a decision, unethical behavior may appear, especially when decision choices conflict with one’s self-interests. The Enron Scandal is a very interesting topic to better understand what are some responses organizations may have to unethical behavior.   Previous to its collapse, Enron was an energy giant based in Texas with Arthur Andersen as their auditor. Enron violated accounting standards by manipulating the mark-to-market accounting method so their earnings would appear inflated, thusRead MoreThe Case Analysis of Enron Scandal3118 Words   |  13 Pageswww.ccsenet.org/ijbm International Journal of Business and Management Vol. 5, No. 10; October 2010 The Case Analysis of the Scandal of Enron Yuhao Li Huntsman School of Business, Utah State University, Logan city, U.S.A E-mail: wyl_2001_ren@126.com, carolee1989@gmail.com Abstract The Enron scandal, revealed in October 2001, eventually led to the bankruptcy of the Enron Corporation, an American energy company based in Houston, Texas, and the dissolution of Arthur Andersen, which was one of the fiveRead MoreEarnings Management Essay1007 Words   |  5 Pagesknows that a manager (except one with a very short decision horizon) would be foolish to report higher earnings than can be sustained, since the inevitable reduction in future earnings would severely punish him/her through capital and labor market reaction† (Scott, 2012, p. 436). 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When more people are concerned with the the news of Enron bankruptcy, behind this event, it is paid more attention by more and more researchers and scholars that a bad corporate culture will give enterprises and companies what kind of disaster. 1.2. Aims This purpose of this report is aimed at discuss and elaborate the brief analysis of corporate culture establishment based on CSR. through the analysis of the reason of Enron Scandal, attempts toRead MoreThe Demise Of The Andersen Accounting1746 Words   |  7 PagesThe Enron scandal was one of the most notorious bankruptcies of all time. Many people know about the energy titan’s downfall but less realize that it was also one of the biggest auditing blunders in American corporate history, leading to the dissolution of the Arthur Andersen LLP, which at the time was one of the five largest auditing and accountancy partnerships in the world. 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But the firms success turned out to have involved an elaborate scam. Enron lied about its profits and stands accused of a range of shady dealings, including concealing debts so they didnt show up in the companys accounts. As the depth of the deceptionRead MoreCollapse of Enron4178 Words   |  17 PagesTHE COLLAPSE OF ENRON August 11 2008 [Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document. Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document.] FROM PERSPECTIVE OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE â€Æ' TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTENTS PAGE NO. Introduction 3 Background of Enron 3 Enron Business Model 4 Summary of transactions Partnerships

AIDS Whats new Essay Example For Students

AIDS Whats new ? Essay -Is the message getting through? We already know enough about AIDS toprevent its spread, but ignorance, complacency, fear and bigotry continue tostop many from taking adequate precautions. We know enough about how the infection is transmitted to protect ourselvesfrom it without resorting to such extremes as mandatory testing, enforcedquarantine or total celibacy. But too few people are heeding the AIDSmessage. Perhaps many simply dont like or want to believe what they hear,preferring to think that AIDS cant happen to them. Experts repeatedlyremind us that infective agents do not discriminate, but can infect any andeveryone. Like other communicable diseases, AIDS can strike anyone. It is notnecessarily confined to a few high-risk groups. We must all protect ourselvesfrom this infection and teach our children about it in time to take effectiveprecautions. Given the right measures, no one need get AIDS. The pandemic continues:Many of us have forgotten about the virulence of widespread epidemics, suchas the 1917/18 influenza pandemic which killed over 21 million people,including 50,000 Canadians. Having been lulled into false security by modernantibiotics and vaccines about our ability to conquer infections, the Westernworld was ill prepared to cope with the advent of AIDS in 1981. (Retro-spective studies now put the first reported U.S. case of AIDS as far back as1968.) The arrival of a new and lethal virus caught us off guard. Researchsuggests that the agent responsible for AIDS probably dates from the 1950s,with a chance infection of humans by a modified Simian virus found in Africangreen monkeys. Whatever its origins, scientists surmise that the diseasespread from Africa to the Caribbean and Europe, then to the U.S. Currentestimates are that 1.5 to 2 million Americans are now probably HIV carriers,with higher numbers in Central Africa and parts of the Caribbean. Recapping AIDS the facts:AIDS is an insidious, often fatal but less contagious disease than measles,chicken pox or hepatitis B. AIDS is thought to be caused primarily by a virusthat invades white blood cells (lymphocytes) especially T4-lymphocytes orT-helper cells and certain other body cells, including the brain. In 1983and 1984, French and U.S. researchers independently identified the virusbelieved to cause AIDS as an unusual type of slow-acting retrovirus nowcalled human immunodeficiency virus or HIV. Like other viruses, HIV isbasically a tiny package of genes. But being a retrovirus, it has the rarecapacity to copy and insert its genes right into a human cells own chromo-somes (DNA). Once inside a human host cell the retrovirus uses its ownenzyme, reverse transcriptase, to copy its genetic code into a DNA moleculewhich is then incorporated into the hosts DNA. The virus becomes an integralpart of the persons body, and is subject to control mechanisms by which itcan be switched on or off. But the viral DNA may sit hidden and inactivewithin human cells for years, until some trigger stimulates it to replicate. Thus HIV may not produce illness until its genes are turned on five, ten,fifteen or perhaps more years after the initial infection. During the latent period, HIV carriers who harbour the virus without anysign of illness can unknowingly infect others. On average, the dormant virusseems to be triggered into action three to six years after first invadinghuman cells. When switched on, viral replication may speed along, producingnew viruses that destroy fresh lymphocytes. As viral replication spreads, thelymphocyte destruction virtually sabotages the entire immune system. Inessence, HIV viruses do not kill people, they merely render the immune systemdefenceless against other opportunistic: infections, e.g. yeast invasions,toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus and Epstein Barr infections, massive herpesinfections, special forms of pneumonia (Pneumocystis carinii the killer inhalf of all AIDS patients), and otherwise rare malignant tumours (such asKaposis sarcoma.)Cofactors may play a crucial contributory role:What prompts the dormant viral genes suddenly to burst into action andstart destroying the immune system is one os th e central unsolved challengesabout AIDS. Some scientists speculate that HIV replication may be set off bycofactors or transactivators that stimulate or disturb the immune system. Such triggers may be genetically determined proteins in someones system, orforeign substances from other infecting organisms such as syphilis,chlamydia, gonorrhea, HTLV-1 (leukemia), herpes, or CMV (cytomegalovirus) which somehow awaken the HIV virus. The assumption is that once HIVreplication gets going, the lymphocyte destruction cripples the entire immunesystem. Recent British research suggest that some people may have a serumprotein that helps them resist HIV while others may have one that makes themgenetically more prone to it by facilitating viral penetration of T-helpercells. Perhaps, says one expert, everybody exposed to HIV can becomeinfected, but whether or not the infection progresses to illness depends onmultiple immunogenic factors. Some may be lucky enough to have genes thatprotect them form AIDS!Variable period until those infected develop antibodies:While HIV hides within human cells, the body may produce antibodies, but,for reasons not fully understood, they dont ne utralise all the viruses. Thepresence of HIV antibodies thus does not confer immunity to AIDS, nor preventHIV transmission. Carriers may be able to infect others. The usual time takento test positive for HIV antibodies after exposure averages from four to sixweeks but can take over a year. Most experts agree that within six months allbut 10 per cent of HIV-infected people seroconvert and have detectableantibodies. While HIV antibody tests can indicate infection, they are not foolproof. The ELISA is a good screening test that gives a few false positives andmore false negatives indicating that someone who is infected has not yetdeveloped identifiable antibodies.) The more specific Western Blot test, doneto confirm a positive ELISA, is very accurate. However, absence of antibodiesdoesnt guarantee freedom form HIV, as someone may be in the window periodwhen, although already infected, they do not yet have measurable levels ofHIV antibodies. A seropositive result does not mean someone has AIDS; itmeans (s)he is carrying antibodies, may be infectious and may develop AIDS atsome future time. As to how long seropositive persons remain infectious, theJune 1987 Third International Conference on AIDS was told to assume FORLIFE. What awaits HIV-carriers who test positive?:On this issue of when those who test HIV positive will get AIDS, expertsthink that the fast track to AIDS is about two years after HIV infection; theslow route may be 10, 15, or more years until symptoms appear. Mostspecialists agree that it takes at least two years to show AIDS symptomsafter HIV infection, and that within ten years as many as 75 per cent ofthose infected may develop AIDS. A report from Atlantas CDC based on ananalysis of blood collected in San Francisco from 1978 to 1986, showed asteady increase with time in the rate of AIDS development among HIV-infectedpersons 4 percent within three years; 14 percent after five years; 36percent after seven years. The realistic, albeit doomsday view is that 100percent of those who test HIV-positive may eventually develop AIDS. Hitchcock's Stylistic innovations EssayAIDS CANNOT BE PICKED UP CASUALLY via doorknobs, public washrooms, sharedschool books, communion coups, cutlery or even by food handlers with opencuts. A relatively weak virus, HIV is easily killed by a dilute 1 in 10solution of Javex/bleach, rubbing alcohol and other disinfectants. Even whereparents or caregivers have cleaned up HIV-infected blood, vomit or feces, HIVhas not been transmitted. It is perfectly safe to share a kitchen, bathroom,schoolroom or workbench with HIV-infected individuals. But it is inadvisableto share toothbrushes, razors, acupuncture needles, enema equip-ment or sharp gadgets, which could carry infected blood through the skin. ORDINARY, NONSEXUAL WORKPLACE AND CHILDHOOD ACTIVITIES DONT TRANSMIT AIDS. The rare exception might be direct blood-to-blood contact via cuts or woundsif infected blood (in considerable amounts) spills onto an open sore. Even insuch cases a swab with dilute bleach can kill HIV viruses. Not spread by mosquitoes and other insects:-Theres no evidence of HIV transmission by insects. Researchers report thatthe AIDS virus cannot multiply or survive inside a mosquito. The infectionpattern in Africa where children who are not sexually active might beexpected to have AIDS if mosquito bites were a real threat shows no sign ofinsect transmission. Vaccines still a way off:-Scientists caution that a safe, effective vaccine against HIV may be atleast a decade away, mainly because, like the influenza virus, HIV mutates(changes structure) quickly, producing different strains. (Several differentHIV strains have already been isolated.) An ideal vaccine must be able tostimulate neutralization of both free viruses and those hidden withinlymphocytes, such as T-helper cells. Researchers in various countries havedeveloped and are testing a few preliminary vaccines. One sub-unit vaccine,made from virus coat material (a glycoprotein) genetically cloned in aninsect virus (the baculovirus, which attacks moths and butterflies but nohumans) has been shown to stimulate an immune response in experimentalanimals. Another preliminary vaccine, produced by cloning modified Vacciniaviruses, containing a portion of HIV envelope, is about to enter clinicaltrials in New York. (It would be applies, like the old smallpox vaccine, intoa small scratch.) But to date no vaccine tried in animals or humans has beenshown to prevent AIDS. Testing no solution:Large scale, screening of the public for HIV antibodies offers little pro-tection because todays apparent negatives can become infected tomorrow ortest seropositive when antibodies develop in those already harboring HIV. Reliance on tests could lull people into false complacency. A false nega-tive result may fool someone into risky sexual behaviour. Curiously, despitea widespread demand for tests, especially among high-risk groups, a study inPittsburgh showed that 46 percent of a group of homosexual/bisexual mentested did not return for or want their antibody test results. Many healthexperts therefore believe that mandatory testing would be useless as HIVantibody tests only indicate exposure, not necessarily infectivity. As oneUniversity of Toronto virologist puts it: Widescale compulsory screening forHIV antibodies is not necessarily useful and will do nothing to promoteprevention or cure. Whats needed perhaps is more accurate knowledge aboutthe disease and more responsible behaviour rather than testing.Those who should consider testing might include people known to be at highrisk and any who think they may have been HIV-infected or who wish to betested and have discussed it with their physician. Wh ats needed, as with anyinfectious disease, is not more testing buy more precautions againstinfection. Message clear but still largely unheeded:Despite a veritable blitz of AIDS information, experts claim that too fewpeople are changing their lifestyles or behaviour sufficiently to protectthemselves from AIDS. A recent Canadian poll revealed widespread ignorance ofthe fact that AIDS is primarily a sexually acquired infection, not caught bycasual touch. The survey showed that although sexual intercourse amongadolescents has risen steeply in the past 10 years, less than 25 percent ofthose aged 18 to 34 have altered their sexual behaviour to protect them-selves against AIDS, i.e. by consistent use of condoms and spermicide. THE CENTRAL MESSAGE IS CLEAR: UNLESS ABSOLUTELY SURE (and monogamy is noguarantee) THAT YOUR SEX PARTNER IS HIV-FREE, USE A CONDOM (latex, not madeof animal material) plus a reliable spermicide (e.g. one containing nonoxyl-9). Studies with infected haemophiliacs show that condom use by a regular sexpartner reduces infection risks, compared to unprotected sex. And regularcondom use may bring the added reward of preventing other sexually trans-mitted diseases such as gonorrhea and chlamydia or unwanted pregnancy. Many educators say that, by whatever means, AIDS information must get outto young people at an early enough age for them to absorb it before becomingsexually active. Only by acting upon accurate AIDS information can peopleprotect themselves, their sex partners, families and ultimately society fromthis disease. Protection the only answer:The best way to avoid AIDS is to regard it as a highly lethal disease andpractice commonsense prevention. Avoiding infection is IN ONES OWN HANDS. People can protect themselves. To halt its spread, people are encouraged toobtain and apply accurate AIDS information to their living styles and sexualhabits in order to reduce the risk of getting or transmitting the virus. Sadly, health promoters claim that reaching the many who dont want to knowis no easy task. Health promoters suggest that educators must learn how andwhen to communicate AIDS information in the right way at teachablemoments. Many Public Health Departments are now taking the lead indisseminating education about AIDS with largescale public awareness programs. What of the future?:Many virologists believe that since antibiotics became available in thelate 1940s we have become too complacent about viral infections, no longertake communicable disease seriously, and have modern medical schools whichdevote few teaching hours to anti-infective strategies. In fact, we stillknow little about retroviruses such as HIV. Perhaps special virology researchcentres, like the Virus Research Institute proposed for the University ofToronto, will help to halt the tragic toll of AIDS and other as yet unknownviruses waiting in the wings. For more information on AIDS or aid for AIDS call: local AIDS committees,Public Health Departments, or AIDS Hotlines (in Toronto 392-AIDS.)=============================================================================In everyday conversations, AIDS is usually a source for humour. For anybodywho is suffering from the disease there is very little humour. The bestprevention is not the thought that IT COULD NEVER HAPPEN TO ME, if that wasso all the insurance companies would be out of business. The most reliable person to be put in-charge of preventing you for gettingAIDS is YOURSELF!!!! T A K EP R E V E N T I V EP R E C A U T I O N S ! !============================================================================Thanks to the University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine for the article.